PrEP and PEP are both HIV prevention medicines, but they solve different problems. The simplest distinction is timing: PrEP is planned prevention before possible future exposure, while PEP is urgent prevention after a recent possible exposure.

PrEP is for ongoing prevention

PrEP, or pre-exposure prophylaxis, is for people who do not have HIV and may have future exposure through sex or injection drug use. Before starting, a clinician confirms HIV-negative status and considers the right testing and follow-up plan. PrEP should be taken exactly as prescribed, with regular clinical reviews.

PrEP reduces the chance of acquiring HIV, but it does not protect against every sexually transmitted infection or pregnancy. Condoms and regular STI screening can remain important parts of a wider sexual health plan.

PEP is for an emergency window

PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis, is considered after a recent possible exposure and must be started within 72 hours when appropriate. It is a short, time-sensitive course, not a replacement for longer-term prevention when exposures may happen repeatedly.

Moving from PEP to PrEP

For someone who has needed PEP more than once or expects ongoing risk, a clinician may discuss transitioning to PrEP after the PEP course and follow-up testing. This is a useful conversation, not a judgement about anyone’s choices.

Ask for a plan that fits your life

The right approach depends on your health history, current medicines, testing status and the kind of prevention you can use consistently. A confidential consultation is the right setting to talk through those details.

Further reading: Clinical information from CDC or WHO. This guide is general information and does not replace an individual medical assessment.